China has just eight dialect groups: northern dialects, dialects "y" Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Hunan dialects, Hakka dialects in Guangdong and other southern provinces, north and southern Fujianese dialects, dialects "yue" in Guangdong Province. On the northern dialects spoken by more than 70% of Chinese.
Despite the fact that Mandarin is studied everywhere, in many provinces of the population adheres to dialectal pronunciation. And then the only means of communication becomes hieroglyphics. In addition, immigrants from other provinces often say not at all pure Putonghua that initially presents a difficulty for studying Chinese.
4. GRAMMAR
"Chinese Letter" - so often we talk about something difficult. However, unlike the hieroglyphics and pronunciation Chinese grammar is pretty simple. Characters have a wide semantic field. Depending on the position of the word in a sentence, it can be either a noun, adjective, verb, etc. No morphological changes of words over numbers and birth times.
However letter word boundaries are not marked, which is a problem when partitioning proposals for the allocation of words and parts of speech.
5. MORE CHALLENGES
Unlike European languages, Chinese, you almost do not meet international words. They are either translated into Chinese in accordance with their importance, or transcribed. This also applies to geographical names, names and surnames. For example: 社会主义 shehueychzhui - socialism, 阿波罗 Abol - Apollo.
In the Chinese language used quite actively chehnjuj - idioms, consisting usually of four characters. Their understanding and translation often require access to a dictionary, even if all the characters, their constituent familiar. More about them I told in the article "What is chehnjuj"
Also in Chinese many cuts. For example, the phrase "Peking University" in Chinese - 北大 Peita ("north" + "big"). This reduction chetyrehsloga 北京大学 Beijing Daxue ("Beijing" + "university").
Chinese characters have a huge semantic field, which is reflected in a large number of different values. Sometimes paradoxical situation occurs when all the characters appearing in the phrase or sentence, familiar and common sense is not clear. Have to use a dictionary to clarify the meaning of the character, and combinations thereof. Now, there are a large number of electronic dictionaries (the Internet, smartphones), which greatly facilitates the work.
6. IF CHINESE so complicated, why he teach?
I think you already knew that the Chinese language is very, very difficult. It is based on quite different principles than usual for us Indo-European languages. And yet it is that which makes him spend time and effort.
First of all, Chinese is spoken by almost 1.5 billion people. China - a country of ancient and rich culture, whose writing has almost 3,5 thousand years. Written in Chinese fine philosophical treatises, literary works, great poetry. Can not be adequately translated into Russian language, preserving the diversity of values and meanings. As said the famous translator of Buddhist texts Kumarajiva (IV-V cc.), Translation is like chewed food: the food is still there, but it tastes awful.
China - an interesting and comfortable country to travel, you can buy a lot of interesting and cheap things. However, the Chinese generally have little knowledge of English and even less Russian. Therefore it is better if you know some of the most common words to navigate in the country. More about this we wrote in the article "How to travel to China and make purchases without the knowledge of the Chinese language."
Currently, political, economic and cultural relations between Russia and China are at a high level and there are prospects for their further development. This means that experts with knowledge of the Chinese language will be in demand.
But ... Very often you will curse the Chinese and furiously throwing books on the floor. You'll curse yourself that got involved in this crazy adventure. You will feel that all your efforts are in vain and you have not moved one iota, although the costs of learning the language for many years and during that time could perfectly learn several European languages. Characters will always be forgotten, despite the fact that you'll be hard to prescribe them, harassing tons of paper. Perhaps you will have nightmares where characters will haunt you or you will be painfully trying to translate something. Sometimes will hurt your eyes and cheekbones whining on his face. Speaking for the first time with the Chinese, you realize with horror that he neither you nor you do not understand completely.
All this is true. But if you still dare, read for inspiration here is the story.
Well, you have decided to learn Chinese?
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